Pulses form stable dietary components for majority of population across the world. Different people consume pulses in different ways like Uncooked, Soaked, and cooked or only cooked without soaking. All these processing techniques lead to changes in the NUTRITIONAL value of the pulses. Studies have also reported that in addition to NUTRITIONAL components like Proteins, Carbohydrates, and fats, pulses also contain anti-NUTRITIONAL components like Lectins, Tannins, and Polyphenols that greatly interfere with digestion of pulses in the human intestine. Hence in the current study a comprehensive review is being compiled to evaluate the NUTRITIONAL and antiNUTRITIONAL aspects of pulses and effect of processing methods on invitro protein and starch digestibility of the pulses.

Background: Proper nutrition plays key roles in exhibiting the most proportion of athlete ability. Nutrition as one of the major factor in determining body supply, readiness and fitness of elites need deep concentration. Aim: In this survey we determine energy and macronutrient intake of national soccer players.Materials & Methods: This cross sectional study performed on 1 male and 8 female professional soccer players.Usual diet consumption was evaluated using 24 h food recall questionnaire. Data were analyzed with Nutrition software (version 4) and extracted nutrients were compared with RDA with independent-sample t-tests using SPSS software (version 21.0). P values lower than 0.05 were set as significant level.Results: Mean age of male and female players were 14 and 13.12±.64 years old. Mean energy intake of male and female soccer players were 2518 kcal and 3168±746 kcal, in sequence. The average of carbohydrate intake were 302.8 g (48.1%) and 471.63±120.79 g (59.56±4.53%) and mean of two other macronutrients consumption of male and female were 95.24 g (15.13%) and 86.21±17.05 g (11.28±2.66%) for protein, 105 g (37.53%) and 110.63±32.5 g (31.05±3.53%) for fat, respectively.Conclusion: Athlete’s energy, carbohydrate, fat and protein consumption is higher than RDA in both genders. Total energy, carbohydrate and fat consumption were higher in female, and protein intake was lower in female soccer players than male. Average intake of mentioned nutrients and energy were higher than non-athletes subjects, while their consumption was lower than several other athletes from European countries.

In this article, an attempt has been made to estimate the amount of sound transmission loss in a flat oval channel by applying the approach of statistical energy analysis. Correct ESTIMATION of sound transmission loss in an air conditioning channel is of great importance due to the harmful effects of noise pollution in the environment on human health. Simulation with the statistical energy analysis method is a powerful approach to estimate sound and vibration in problems in which we deal with complex and multi-part systems; is considered. In this method, first, a system is divided into several subsystems, and then by writing a matrix equation that includes the energy exchanges between subsystems and energy loss coefficients; It is investigated from the perspective of vibration and sound ESTIMATION.On average, the model presented in this research is able to estimate the sound transmission loss in different dimensions of the air conditioning channels according to the experimental results in the accuracy range of ± 2.5 dB. Considering that it seems that the results obtained from modeling with this method are in good agreement with the experimental data; The results of this research can be used as an efficient approach to estimate noise in oval shaped channels stretched in different lengths.

This study aimed to estimate the genetic parameters of body weight traits in Markhoz goats, using B-spline random regression models. The data used in this study included 19549 records collected during 29 years (1992-2021) in Markhoz goat Breeding Research Station, located in Sanandaj, Iran. The model used to analyze data included fixed effects (year of birth, sex, type of birth and age of dam) and random effects including direct additive genetic, maternal additive genetic, permanent environmental and maternal permanent environmental assuming homogeneous and heterogeneous residual variance during the time. Akaike (BIC) and Bayesian (BIC) information criteria were used to compare the models and bspq.4.4.4.4 was selected as the best model. The direct heritability values for birth, 3-month, 6-month, 9-month and 12-month weights were estimated to be 0.14, 0.16, 0.08, 0.28 and 0.26, respectively. Genetic correlation between body weights at birth and 3-month, birth and 6-month, birth and 9-month, birth and 12-month, 3-month and 6-month, 3-month and 9-month, 3-month and 12-month, 6-months and 9-month and 9-month and 12-month were 0.22, 0.38, 0.21, 0.56, -0.26, 0.30, 0.62, 0.86 and 0.77, respectively. The highest phenotypic correlation was between the weight of 9-month and 12-month (0.82) and the lowest correlation was between birth weight and 3-month and 6-month (0.12). The results showed that the 9-month weight is a good criterion for selection in Markhoz goats.

NUTRITIONAL incides have important role in economical efficiency of silkworm rearing. In order to estimate NUTRITIONAL indices six silkworm hybrids including 103×104, 31×32, 107×110, 104×103, 32×31 and 110×107 which were commercially used in Iran for cocoon production were tested. These hybrids were reared in spring 2003, spring 2004 and autumn 2004. The studied parameters were amount of ingestion and facea, digested food, percentage of ingestibility and digestibility, reference ratio (ingested feed/produced feces), larva weight gain, efficiency of conversion of ingested (ECI) and digested (ECD) food into larva weight. The obtained results clearly indicate that ingestion, digestion and utilization of food were mostly dependent upon genotype and hybrid's instars. Hybrids E and F at instars 1-3 and instars 4-5 duration ingested less food. Food ingestion was different at the same season of different years. Meanwhile this index have many alteration upon rearing season.At spring season, the first and third instar larvae obtained the most ingested foods. At autumn season, other instars obtained the most ingested food. Ingested food amount affected by larval duration and also by climatic conditions especially rearing season. Hybrids E and F had the highest digestibility in comparison with other hybrids. Comparisons of common hybrids (A, C and E) against the reciprocal hybrids (B, D and F) for percentage of ingestibility and digestibility is showed Japanese hybrids have NUTRITIONAL indices higher than Chinese hybrids. But at instars 4-5 these results were reverse i.e. Chinese-maternal based hybrids have NUTRITIONAL indices higher than Japanese-maternal based hybrids. Obtained results are showed NUTRITIONAL indices were different in various silkworm hybrids and it must be noticed to hybrid production based on NUTRITIONAL characteristics.

To investigate the effects of fertilizer regimes on quantitative and qualitative traits of Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss, a field experiment at three replications with the Split Plate arrangement in a completely randomized block design was conducted in the Research Field of Tarbiat Modares University during the 2017-18 growing season.Water deficit stress (irrigation after discharging 20 (optimal irrigation), 40 (mild water deficit stress), 60 (moderate water deficit stress) and 80% (severe water deficit stress) of water used (available water)) in the main plot and fertilizer regime (urea, nitroxin, vermicompost, azocompost and no fertilizer) in the subplot were studied. The results showed that the highest leaf fresh weight (1797 kg ha-1) and total biomass (2957 kg ha-1) were obtained by application of urea in mild water deficit stress condition and the highest dry matter digestibility percentage was observed in azocompost treatment in moderate water deficit stress condition (57.8%). The highest crude protein was produced in severe water deficit stress condition (19.72%) and moderate water deficit stress (18.4%), respectively.. The highest percentage of water soluble carbohydrate and neutral detergent fiber were obtained from no fertilizer in moderate water deficit stress (22.06%) and application of urea in severe water deficit stress conditions, respectively. Mild water deficit stress application to produce high biomass is recommended for Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss. According to the results, application of urea in mild water deficit stress was selected as the best treatment to produce forage 32% more than control.

Background and Aim: At present, there are various methods for performing diagnostic tests. Due to the fact that saliva is easily available compared to other body fluids, it can be collected from patients in a noninvasive way and there is no risk of cross-infection because of it, so its use has become more common. Also, the analysis of substances in saliva can be a reflection of a person's oral and systemic conditions. Despite its advantages as a diagnostic fluid, the lack of sufficient information about the methods of collecting and storing samples prevents the repeated use of saliva. In this article, it has been tried to collect the most standard methods of saliva collection, required conditions and supplies, and how to maintain, and provide them to users. Material and Methods: In this review article, data were collected by searching articles which were published between year 2000 and 2020 in domestic and foreign journals, using databases such as: PubMed, PubMed Central, Medline, EBSCO, Google Scholar and Embase with keywords: Saliva, Dry Mouth, Xerostomia, Salivary Determination and Saliva ESTIMATION. Among the relevant authorities, the articles that were cited many times and were more up-to-date, were selected. Conclusion: It seems like using saliva in modern diagnostic tests, makes the diagnosis of many diseases easier, faster and more accurate. The standard methods of saliva collection in this article can be used as a guide for laboratory-clinical researchs by researchers.

Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a non-communicable disease with an increasing rate across all age groups worldwide. It makes the body vulnerable to other chronic diseases. Besides medication therapy, DM can be controlled by following a healthy lifestyle. In this study, the dietary patterns of diabetic individuals assessed in the Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies of the Iranian Adults (PERSIAN) Guilan Cohort Study (PGCS) population.  Methods: A comprehensive survey was conducted over three years among 10,276 individuals aged 35 to 70 in the PGCS population. Socio-demographic and food intake information of 2,531 diabetic patients was collected using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Data analysis was conducted with SPSS software. The ESTIMATION of the attributable risk of DM related to the intake of simple sugars was performed using the population attributable risk (PAR) equation. Results: The intake of dietary fibers was lower than the recommended 25-38 g/day in these patients, while they consumed high carbohydrates (more than 65% of total calories/day) and simple sugars (more than 10% of total calories/day). More than 15% of total energy was provided by simple sugars in these patients. The average population attributable risk of DM (PARDM) in the total population was 17.84% based on the intake of fructose and glucose, which was close to the proportion of diabetic patients in this survey by considering the proportion of pre-diabetic patients. Conclusions: Regarding the significant effect of dietary patterns on the development of DM, the authors suggest developing educational programs to help individuals maintain a balanced diet to decrease the rate of DM in the coming years.